This study aims to increase the understanding of the existing cultural barriers to women’s empowerment, to provide a better understanding of the social norms that limit women’s access to economic opportunities and to identify the social norms that support or facilitate women’s economic empowerment in Burundi. Data collection comprised of a mixed-method approach over three months during which large-scale surveys of the population, qualitative interviews of local actors, and focus group discussions were conducted with women and men of different age groups from rural and urban communes of Burundi.